Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies - Reference pathway
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Reference pathway
Reference pathway (KO)
Reference pathway (EC)
Reference pathway (Reaction)
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Homo sapiens (human)
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Mus musculus (mouse)
Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Canis familiaris (dog)
Bos taurus (cow)
Sus scrofa (pig)
Equus caballus (horse)
Monodelphis domestica (opossum)
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus)
Gallus gallus (chicken)
Taeniopygia guttata (zebra finch)
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Xenopus tropicalis (western clawed frog)
Danio rerio (zebrafish)
Branchiostoma floridae (Florida lancelet)
Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt)
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin)
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Drosophila ananassae
Drosophila erecta
Drosophila persimilis
Drosophila sechellia
Drosophila simulans
Drosophila willistoni
Drosophila yakuba
Drosophila grimshawi
Drosophila mojavensis
Anopheles gambiae (mosquito)
Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito)
Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)
Apis mellifera (honey bee)
Nasonia vitripennis (jewel wasp)
Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle)
Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick)
Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode)
Caenorhabditis briggsae
Schistosoma mansoni
Nematostella vectensis (sea anemone)
Hydra magnipapillata
Trichoplax adhaerens
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood)
Ricinus communis (castor bean)
Vitis vinifera (wine grape)
Oryza sativa japonica (Japanese rice)
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)
Zea mays (maize)
Physcomitrella patens subsp. patens
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast)
Ashbya gossypii (Eremothecium gossypii)
Kluyveromyces lactis
Lachancea thermotolerans
Debaryomyces hansenii
Pichia stipitis
Pichia pastoris
Pichia guilliermondii
Vanderwaltozyma polyspora
Lodderomyces elongisporus
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
Candida albicans
Candida tropicalis
Candida dubliniensis
Candida glabrata
Yarrowia lipolytica
Clavispora lusitaniae
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast)
Neurospora crassa
Podospora anserina
Magnaporthe grisea
Fusarium graminearum
Aspergillus nidulans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus clavatus
Penicillium chrysogenum
Neosartorya fischeri
Coccidioides immitis
Uncinocarpus reesii
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Botryotinia fuckeliana
Phaeosphaeria nodorum
Cryptococcus neoformans JEC21
Cryptococcus neoformans B-3501A
Laccaria bicolor
Moniliophthora perniciosa
Ustilago maydis
Malassezia globosa
Monosiga brevicollis
Dictyostelium discoideum (cellular slime mold)
Toxoplasma gondii
Tetrahymena thermophila
Paramecium tetraurelia
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Escherichia coli O139:H28 E24377A (ETEC)
Escherichia coli IAI1 (commensal)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae 342
Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044
Klebsiella variicola
Citrobacter rodentium
Serratia proteamaculans
Edwardsiella ictaluri
Edwardsiella tarda
Dickeya dadantii Ech703
Haemophilus somnus 2336
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ATCC 33913
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris B100
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
Xanthomonas axonopodis
Xanthomonas oryzae KACC10331
Xanthomonas oryzae MAFF311018
Xanthomonas oryzae PXO99A
Xanthomonas albilineans
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3
Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6
Vibrio vulnificus YJ016
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio harveyi
Vibrio sp. Ex25
Photobacterium profundum
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7
Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58
Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Pseudomonas putida F1
Pseudomonas putida GB-1
Pseudomonas putida W619
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1
Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25
Pseudomonas entomophila
Pseudomonas mendocina
Pseudomonas stutzeri
Azotobacter vinelandii
Psychrobacter arcticum
Psychrobacter cryohalolentis
Psychrobacter sp. PRwf-1
Acinetobacter sp. ADP1
Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
Acinetobacter baumannii AYE
Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU
Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057
Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294
Shewanella oneidensis
Shewanella denitrificans
Shewanella frigidimarina
Shewanella amazonensis
Shewanella baltica OS155
Shewanella baltica OS185
Shewanella baltica OS195
Shewanella baltica OS223
Shewanella loihica
Shewanella putrefaciens
Shewanella sediminis
Shewanella pealeana
Shewanella sp. MR-4
Shewanella sp. MR-7
Shewanella sp. ANA-3
Shewanella sp. W3-18-1
Shewanella halifaxensis
Shewanella woodyi ATCC 51908
Shewanella piezotolerans WP3
Idiomarina loihiensis
Colwellia psychrerythraea
Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis
Pseudoalteromonas atlantica
Saccharophagus degradans
Marinobacter aquaeolei
Alteromonas macleodii
Teredinibacter turnerae
Coxiella burnetii RSA 493
Coxiella burnetii RSA 331
Coxiella burnetii Dugway 5J108-111
Coxiella burnetii CbuG_Q212
Coxiella burnetii CbuK_Q154
Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia 1
Legionella pneumophila Lens
Legionella pneumophila Paris
Legionella pneumophila Corby
Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica LVS
Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica OSU18
Francisella novicida U112
Nitrosococcus oceani
Hahella chejuensis
Chromohalobacter salexigens
Alcanivorax borkumensis
Marinomonas sp. MWYL1
Aeromonas hydrophila
Aeromonas salmonicida
Kangiella koreensis
Chromobacterium violaceum
Laribacter hongkongensis
Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia pickettii 12J
Ralstonia pickettii 12D
Ralstonia eutropha JMP134
Ralstonia eutropha H16
Ralstonia metallidurans
Cupriavidus taiwanensis
Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344
Burkholderia mallei SAVP1
Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10229
Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10247
Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710b
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1106a
Burkholderia pseudomallei 668
Burkholderia pseudomallei MSHR346
Burkholderia thailandensis
Burkholderia vietnamiensis
Burkholderia sp. 383
Burkholderia cenocepacia AU1054
Burkholderia cenocepacia HI2424
Burkholderia cenocepacia MC0-3
Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315
Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia ambifaria MC40-6
Burkholderia multivorans ATCC 17616 (JGI)
Burkholderia multivorans ATCC 17616 (Tohoku)
Burkholderia xenovorans
Burkholderia phymatum
Burkholderia phytofirmans
Burkholderia glumae
Polynucleobacter sp. QLW-P1DMWA-1
Polynucleobacter necessarius
Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella parapertussis
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Bordetella petrii
Bordetella avium
Rhodoferax ferrireducens
Polaromonas sp. JS666
Polaromonas naphthalenivorans
Acidovorax avenae
Acidovorax sp. JS42
Acidovorax ebreus
Verminephrobacter eiseniae
Delftia acidovorans
Variovorax paradoxus
Comamonas testosteroni
Methylibium petroleiphilum
Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans
Minibacterium massiliensis
Leptothrix cholodnii
Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1
Azoarcus sp. BH72
Dechloromonas aromatica
Thauera sp. MZ1T
Accumulibacter phosphatis
Helicobacter pylori 26695
Helicobacter pylori HPAG1
Helicobacter pylori Shi470
Helicobacter pylori G27
Helicobacter pylori P12
Helicobacter pylori B38
Helicobacter acinonychis
Geobacter metallireducens
Geobacter uraniumreducens
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans
Desulfobacterium autotrophicum
Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-C
Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans 2CP-1
Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5
Anaeromyxobacter sp. K
Myxococcus xanthus
Sorangium cellulosum
Haliangium ochraceum
Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans
Rickettsia conorii
Rickettsia felis
Rickettsia akari
Rickettsia africae
Rickettsia bellii RML369-C
Rickettsia bellii OSU 85-389
Mesorhizobium loti
Mesorhizobium sp. BNC1
Sinorhizobium meliloti
Sinorhizobium medicae
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 (Cereon)
Agrobacterium radiobacter K84
Agrobacterium vitis S4
Rhizobium etli CFN 42
Rhizobium etli CIAT 652
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM2304
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii WSM1325
Rhizobium sp. NGR234
Brucella melitensis 16M
Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus
Brucella abortus 9-941
Brucella abortus S19
Brucella suis 1330
Brucella suis ATCC 23445
Brucella ovis
Brucella canis
Brucella microti
Ochrobactrum anthropi
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278
Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1
Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009
Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2
Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisB18
Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisB5
Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisA53
Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1
Nitrobacter winogradskyi
Nitrobacter hamburgensis
Oligotropha carboxidovorans
Xanthobacter autotrophicus
Azorhizobium caulinodans
Methylobacterium extorquens
Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
Methylobacterium extorquens DM4
Methylobacterium radiotolerans
Methylobacterium sp. 4-46
Methylobacterium populi
Methylobacterium chloromethanicum
Methylobacterium nodulans
Beijerinckia indica
Methylocella silvestris
Caulobacter crescentus CB15
Caulobacter crescentus NA1000
Caulobacter sp. K31
Phenylobacterium zucineum
Silicibacter pomeroyi
Silicibacter sp. TM1040
Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1
Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17029
Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17025
Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131
Jannaschia sp. CCS1
Roseobacter denitrificans
Paracoccus denitrificans
Dinoroseobacter shibae
Maricaulis maris
Hyphomonas neptunium
Hirschia baltica
Novosphingobium aromaticivorans
Sphingopyxis alaskensis
Sphingomonas wittichii
Erythrobacter litoralis
Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5
Rhodospirillum rubrum
Rhodospirillum centenum
Magnetospirillum magneticum
Azospirillum sp. B510
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus halodurans
Bacillus anthracis Ames
Bacillus anthracis Ames 0581
Bacillus anthracis A2012
Bacillus anthracis Sterne
Bacillus anthracis CDC 684
Bacillus anthracis A0248
Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579
Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987
Bacillus cereus ZK
Bacillus cereus AH187
Bacillus cereus B4264
Bacillus cereus AH820
Bacillus cereus G9842
Bacillus cereus Q1
Bacillus cereus 03BB102
Bacillus cytotoxis NVH 391-98
Bacillus thuringiensis 97-27
Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam
Bacillus weihenstephanensis
Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580
Bacillus licheniformis DSM13
Bacillus clausii
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus pseudofirmus
Oceanobacillus iheyensis
Geobacillus kaustophilus
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans
Geobacillus sp. WCH70
Geobacillus sp. Y412MC61
Anoxybacillus flavithermus
Staphylococcus aureus N315
Staphylococcus aureus Mu50
Staphylococcus aureus Mu3
Staphylococcus aureus MW2
Staphylococcus aureus MRSA252
Staphylococcus aureus MSSA476
Staphylococcus aureus COL
Staphylococcus aureus RF122
Staphylococcus aureus USA300
Staphylococcus aureus USA300 TCH1516
Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325
Staphylococcus aureus JH9
Staphylococcus aureus JH1
Staphylococcus aureus Newman
Staphylococcus aureus ED98
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228
Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus carnosus
Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e
Listeria monocytogenes F2365
Listeria monocytogenes HCC23
Listeria monocytogenes Clip81459
Listeria monocytogenes 08-5578
Listeria monocytogenes 08-5923
Listeria innocua
Listeria welshimeri SLCC5334
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Exiguobacterium sibiricum
Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b
Brevibacillus brevis
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KF147
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363
Streptococcus pyogenes SF370 (serotype M1)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS5005 (serotype M1)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS8232 (serotype M18)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS315 (serotype M3)
Streptococcus pyogenes SSI-1 (serotype M3)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10270 (serotype M2)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10750 (serotype M4)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS2096 (serotype M12)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS9429 (serotype M12)
Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo (serotype M5)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS10394 (serotype M6)
Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS6180 (serotype M28)
Streptococcus pyogenes NZ131 (serotype M49)
Streptococcus agalactiae A909 (serotype Ia)
Streptococcus suis 05ZYH33
Streptococcus suis 98HAH33
Streptococcus suis BM407
Streptococcus suis P1/7
Streptococcus suis SC84
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus H70
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus MGCS10565
Streptococcus equi subsp. equi 4047
Streptococcus uberis
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533
Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus sakei
Lactobacillus salivarius
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 11842
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC BAA-365
Lactobacillus brevis
Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334
Lactobacillus casei BL23
Lactobacillus gasseri
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016
Lactobacillus reuteri JCM 1112
Lactobacillus helveticus
Lactobacillus fermentum
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lc 705
Enterococcus faecalis
Oenococcus oeni
Leuconostoc citreum
Clostridium acetobutylicum
Clostridium difficile 630
Clostridium difficile CD196
Clostridium difficile R20291
Clostridium botulinum A ATCC 19397
Clostridium botulinum A Hall
Clostridium botulinum A2
Clostridium botulinum A3 Loch Maree
Clostridium botulinum B Eklund 17B
Clostridium botulinum B1 Okra
Clostridium botulinum E3
Clostridium botulinum F Langeland
Clostridium beijerinckii
Alkaliphilus metalliredigens
Alkaliphilus oremlandii
Natranaerobius thermophilus
Acholeplasma laidlawii
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv
Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra
Mycobacterium tuberculosis F11
Mycobacterium tuberculosis KZN 1435
Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97
Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur 1173P2
Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo 172
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium 104
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycobacterium vanbaalenii
Mycobacterium gilvum
Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977
Mycobacterium sp. MCS
Mycobacterium sp. KMS
Mycobacterium sp. JLS
Mycobacterium marinum M
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (Kyowa Hakko)
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (Bielefeld)
Corynebacterium glutamicum R
Corynebacterium efficiens
Corynebacterium jeikeium
Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii
Nocardia farcinica
Rhodococcus sp. RHA1
Rhodococcus erythropolis
Rhodococcus opacus
Gordonia bronchialis
Streptomyces coelicolor
Streptomyces avermitilis
Streptomyces griseus
Arthrobacter sp. FB24
Arthrobacter aurescens
Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus
Renibacterium salmoninarum
Kocuria rhizophila
Micrococcus luteus
Beutenbergia cavernae
Kytococcus sedentarius
Xylanimonas cellulosilytica
Nocardioides sp. JS614
Kribbella flavida
Thermobifida fusca
Thermomonospora curvata
Streptosporangium roseum
Frankia sp. CcI3
Frankia sp. EAN1pec
Frankia alni
Acidothermus cellulolyticus
Nakamurella multipartita
Geodermatophilus obscurus
Kineococcus radiotolerans
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Saccharomonospora viridis
Actinosynnema mirum
Salinispora tropica
Salinispora arenicola
Catenulispora acidiphila
Gardnerella vaginalis
Rubrobacter xylanophilus
Conexibacter woesei
Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans DSM 10331
Borrelia burgdorferi ZS7
Borrelia garinii
Borrelia afzelii
Borrelia turicatae
Borrelia hermsii
Borrelia duttonii
Borrelia recurrentis
Leptospira interrogans serovar lai
Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni
Leptospira borgpetersenii L550
Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc Patoc 1 (Paris)
Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc Patoc 1 (Ames)
Acidobacteria bacterium
Acidobacterium capsulatum
Salinibacter ruber
Rhodothermus marinus
Cytophaga hutchinsonii
Dyadobacter fermentans
Spirosoma linguale
Chitinophaga pinensis
Pedobacter heparinus
Gramella forsetii
Flavobacterium johnsoniae
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Flavobacteriaceae bacterium
Robiginitalea biformata
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Cyanothece sp. PCC 7425
Roseiflexus sp. RS-1
Roseiflexus castenholzii DSM13941
Chloroflexus aurantiacus
Chloroflexus aggregans
Chloroflexus sp. Y-400-fl
Herpetosiphon aurantiacus
Thermomicrobium roseum
Sphaerobacter thermophilus
Deinococcus radiodurans
Deinococcus geothermalis
Deinococcus deserti
Thermus thermophilus HB27
Thermus thermophilus HB8
Thermotoga lettingae
Thermosipho melanesiensis
Thermosipho africanus
Fervidobacterium nodosum
Petrotoga mobilis
Kosmotoga olearia
Halobacterium salinarum R1
Haloarcula marismortui
Natronomonas pharaonis
Halorubrum lacusprofundi
Halorhabdus utahensis
Halomicrobium mukohataei
Haloterrigena turkmenica
Nitrosopumilus maritimus
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies - Reference pathway
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies - Reference pathway
