KEGG PATHWAY Database

Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions, and relations

KEGG2	ATLAS	PATHWAY	BRITE	GENES	SSDB	LIGAND	DBGET

Pathway Maps

	KEGG PATHWAY is a collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing our knowledge on the molecular interaction and reaction networks for:
		1. Metabolism Carbohydrate Energy Lipid Nucleotide Amino acid Other amino acid Glycan PK/NRP Cofactor/vitamin Secondary metabolite Xenobiotics 2. Genetic Information Processing 3. Environmental Information Processing 4. Cellular Processes 5. Human Diseases
	and also on the structure relationships (KEGG drug structure maps) in:
		6. Drug Development

Pathway Modules

	KEGG MODULE is a new collection of pathway modules, molecular complexes, and other functional units, each represented as a list of KEGG Orthology (KO) identifiers. KEGG MODULE can be accessed through a BRITE hierarchy:
		KEGG pathway modules
	or by the DBGET search.

1. Metabolism

1.1 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
Fructose and mannose metabolism
Galactose metabolism
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
Starch and sucrose metabolism
Aminosugars metabolism
Nucleotide sugars metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Propanoate metabolism
Butanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
Inositol metabolism
Inositol phosphate metabolism

KEGG Orthology (KO)

KEGG pathway modules
Overview of biosynthetic pathways

Enzymes (+diseases)
Compounds with biological roles

1.2 Energy Metabolism

Oxidative phosphorylation
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis - antenna proteins
Carbon fixation
Reductive carboxylate cycle (CO2 fixation)
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism

Photosynthesis proteins

1.3 Lipid Metabolism

Fatty acid biosynthesis
Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria
Fatty acid metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Biosynthesis of steroids
Bile acid biosynthesis
C21-Steroid hormone metabolism
Androgen and estrogen metabolism
Glycerolipid metabolism
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
Ether lipid metabolism
Sphingolipid metabolism
Arachidonic acid metabolism
Linoleic acid metabolism
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids Renamed!

Lipids

1.4 Nucleotide Metabolism

Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism

1.5 Amino Acid Metabolism

Glutamate metabolism
Alanine and aspartate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Methionine metabolism
Cysteine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Lysine degradation
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Tyrosine metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Tryptophan metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups

1.6 Metabolism of Other Amino Acids

beta-Alanine metabolism
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
Aminophosphonate metabolism
Selenoamino acid metabolism
Cyanoamino acid metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Glutathione metabolism

1.7 Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism

N-Glycan biosynthesis
High-mannose type N-glycan biosynthesis
N-Glycan degradation
O-Glycan biosynthesis
Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis
Heparan sulfate biosynthesis
Keratan sulfate biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan degradation
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lactoseries
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - neo-lactoseries
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globoseries
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglioseries
Glycan structures - biosynthesis 1
Glycan structures - biosynthesis 2
Glycan structures - degradation

KEGG GLYCAN

Composite structure map
Monosaccharide codes

Glycosyltransferases
Proteoglycans

1.8 Biosynthesis of Polyketides and Nonribosomal Peptides

Type I polyketide structures
Biosynthesis of 12-, 14- and 16-membered macrolides
Biosynthesis of ansamycins
Biosynthesis of type II polyketide backbone
Biosynthesis of type II polyketide products
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Nonribosomal peptide structures
Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides
Biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics

1.9 Metabolism of Cofactors and Vitamins

Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
One carbon pool by folate
Retinol metabolism
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Ubiquinone biosynthesis

[UMBBD:nic]

1.10 Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites

Terpenoid biosynthesis
Diterpenoid biosynthesis
Monoterpenoid biosynthesis
Limonene and pinene degradation
Indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthesis
Zeatin biosynthesis
Carotenoid biosynthesis
Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
Flavonoid biosynthesis
Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis
Anthocyanin biosynthesis
Isoflavonoid biosynthesis
Alkaloid biosynthesis I
Alkaloid biosynthesis II
Acridone alkaloid biosynthesis
Caffeine metabolism
Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis
beta-Lactam resistance
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Tetracycline biosynthesis
Clavulanic acid biosynthesis
Puromycin biosynthesis
Novobiocin biosynthesis
Benzoxazinone biosynthesis
Insect hormone biosynthesis

Phytochemical compounds

[UMBBD:caf caf2]

1.11 Xenobiotics Biodegradation and Metabolism

Caprolactam degradation
Biphenyl degradation
Toluene and xylene degradation
gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane degradation
3-Chloroacrylic acid degradation
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) degradation
2,4-Dichlorobenzoate degradation
1,2-Dichloroethane degradation
Tetrachloroethene degradation
Styrene degradation
1,4-Dichlorobenzene degradation
Naphthalene and anthracene degradation
Ethylbenzene degradation
Fluorene degradation
Carbazole degradation
Benzoate degradation via CoA ligation
Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation
Atrazine degradation
Bisphenol A degradation
1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene degradation
Trinitrotoluene degradation
Geraniol degradation
Fluorobenzoate degradation
Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 New!
Drug metabolism - other enzymes New!

[UMBBD:cap chx]
[UMBBD:bph cbp pcy]
[UMBBD:tol oxy mxy pxy tsa mcr mca]
[UMBBD:ghch nphe pthn]
[UMBBD:caa cpr]
[UMBBD:ddt ddt2]
[UMBBD:dcb tsa csab pth van]
[UMBBD:dce]
[UMBBD:tce2 atl]
[UMBBD:sty acr pao]
[UMBBD:dcz 2,4-d pcp 2,4,5-t box dca]
[UMBBD:nb naph hch pha ant nphs pba]
[UMBBD:ethb2 ethb]
[UMBBD:flu dbf dpd]
[UMBBD:car abz2 onb]
[UMBBD:benz tol2 phe abz bzn gal tba cpc]
[UMBBD:benz2 abs]
[UMBBD:atr cya cnm cpm]
[UMBBD:tbp2 bpa hap]
[UMBBD:1mna 2mna npa]
[UMBBD:tnt tnt2]
[UMBBD:ger cit]
[UMBBD:3fb 4fb]
Cytochrome P450
Cytochrome P450 substrates