Codes and Abbreviations

Nucleotide Codes, Amino Acid Codes, and Genetic Codes

Nucleotide codes

A	Adenine
G	Guanine
C	Cytosine
T	Thymine
U	Uracil
R	Purine (A or G)
Y	Pyrimidine (C or T)
N	Any nucleotide
W	Weak (A or T)
S	Strong (G or C)
M	Amino (A or C)
K	Keto (G or T)
B	Not A (G or C or T)
H	Not G (A or C or T)
D	Not C (A or G or T)
V	Not T (A or G or C)

Amino acid codes

Ala	A	Alanine
Arg	R	Arginine
Asn	N	Asparagine
Asp	D	Aspartic acid
Cys	C	Cysteine
Gln	Q	Glutamine
Glu	E	Glutamic acid
Gly	G	Glycine
His	H	Histidine
Ile	I	Isoleucine
Leu	L	Leucine
Lys	K	Lysine
Met	M	Methionine
Phe	F	Phenylalanine
Pro	P	Proline
Ser	S	Serine
Thr	T	Threonine
Trp	W	Tryptophan
Tyr	Y	Tyrosine
Val	V	Valine
Asx	B	Asn or Asp
Glx	Z	Gln or Glu
Xle	J	Leu or Ile
Sec	U	Selenocysteine (UGA)
Pyl	O	Pyrrolysine (UAG)
Unk	X	Unknown

Standard genetic code

1st position	2nd position								3rd position
1st position	U		C		A		G		3rd position
U	UUU	Phe	UCU	Ser	UAU	Tyr	UGU	Cys	U
	UUC	Phe	UCC	Ser	UAC	Tyr	UGC	Cys	C
	UUA	Leu	UCA	Ser	UAA	Stop	UGA	Stop	A
	UUG	Leu	UCG	Ser	UAG	Stop	UGG	Trp	G

C	CUU	Leu	CCU	Pro	CAU	His	CGU	Arg	U
	CUC	Leu	CCC	Pro	CAC	His	CGC	Arg	C
	CUA	Leu	CCA	Pro	CAA	Gln	CGA	Arg	A
	CUG	Leu	CCG	Pro	CAG	Gln	CGG	Arg	G

A	AUU	Ile	ACU	Thr	AAU	Asn	AGU	Ser	U
	AUC	Ile	ACC	Thr	AAC	Asn	AGC	Ser	C
	AUA	Ile	ACA	Thr	AAA	Lys	AGA	Arg	A
	AUG	Met	ACG	Thr	AAG	Lys	AGG	Arg	G

G	GUU	Val	GCU	Ala	GAU	Asp	GGU	Gly	U
	GUC	Val	GCC	Ala	GAC	Asp	GGC	Gly	C
	GUA	Val	GCA	Ala	GAA	Glu	GGA	Gly	A
	GUG	Val	GCG	Ala	GAG	Glu	GGG	Gly	G

Special genetic codes

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T9

T10

T12

T13

T14

T15

T16

T21

T22

T23

UUA

Leu

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Stop

CUU

Leu

-

Thr

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CUC

Leu

-

Thr

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CUA

Leu

-

Thr

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CUG

Leu

-

Thr

-

-

-

-

-

Ser

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

AUA

Ile

Met

Met

-

Met

-

-

-

-

Met

-

-

-

Met

-

-

UCA

Ser

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Stop

-

UAU

Tyr

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

UAC

Tyr

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

UAA

Stop

-

-

-

-

Gln

-

-

-

-

Tyr

-

-

-

-

-

UAG

Stop

-

-

-

-

Gln

-

-

-

-

-

Gln

Leu

-

Leu

-

AAA

Lys

-

-

-

-

-

Asn

-

-

-

Asn

-

-

-

-

-

UGA

Stop

Trp

Trp

Trp

Trp

-

Trp

Cys

-

Trp

Trp

-

-

Trp

-

-

AGA

Arg

Stop

-

-

Ser

-

Ser

-

-

Gly

Ser

-

-

Ser

-

-

AGG

Arg

Stop

-

-

Ser

-

Ser

-

-

Gly

Ser

-

-

Ser

-

-

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Last updated: July 22, 2008